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BUG Insect ▸ Software bug MOUSE Mouse (animal) ▸ Computer mouse TOKEN Token (coin) ▸ Token (language model)BIAS Bias (prejudice) ▸ Bias (machine learning)TRANSFORMER Electrical transformer ▸ Transformer (deep learning)AGENT Agent (person) ▸ AI agent GROUNDING Grounding (punishment or electrical) ▸ Grounding (AI)EPOCH Epoch (era) ▸ Epoch (machine learning)INFERENCE Inference (logic) ▸ Inference (AI)DAEMON Daemon (mythology) ▸ Daemon (computing)MEMORY Memory (mind) ▸ Computer memory CACHE Cache (hidden store) ▸ Cache (computing)VIRUS Virus (biology) ▸ Computer virus PATCH Patch (fabric) ▸ Patch (computing)PING Ping (sound or sonar) ▸ Ping (networking)BRANCH Branch (tree) ▸ Branch (version control)PUSH Push (physical) ▸ Push (version control)SOCKET Socket (outlet or anatomy) ▸ Network socket TERMINAL Terminal (transport) ▸ Computer terminal KEY Key (lock) ▸ Key (cryptography)SEED Seed (botany) ▸ Random seed CLIENT Client (customer) ▸ Client (computing)FARM Farm ▸ Server farm TROLL Troll (folklore) ▸ Internet troll PHISH Fishing ▸ Phishing CRAWL Crawl (movement) ▸ Web crawl NET Net (mesh) ▸ The Net (internet)FOOTPRINT Footprint ▸ Memory footprint LEAK Leak (fluid) ▸ Memory leak EXCEPTION Exception (special case) ▸ Exception (programming)TREE Tree ▸ Tree (data structure)FEED Feed (animal) ▸ News feed HANDLE Handle (grip) ▸ Handle (username)ZOMBIE Zombie (folklore) ▸ Zombie (computing)CANARY Canary (bird) ▸ Canary release CLASS Class (school or society) ▸ Class (programming)CORE Core (center) ▸ Core (CPU)DECAY Decay (rot) ▸ Weight decay DOCK Dock (maritime) ▸ Dock (macOS)DRAWER Drawer (furniture) ▸ Navigation drawer BUG Insect ▸ Software bug MOUSE Mouse (animal) ▸ Computer mouse TOKEN Token (coin) ▸ Token (language model)BIAS Bias (prejudice) ▸ Bias (machine learning)TRANSFORMER Electrical transformer ▸ Transformer (deep learning)AGENT Agent (person) ▸ AI agent GROUNDING Grounding (punishment or electrical) ▸ Grounding (AI)EPOCH Epoch (era) ▸ Epoch (machine learning)INFERENCE Inference (logic) ▸ Inference (AI)DAEMON Daemon (mythology) ▸ Daemon (computing)MEMORY Memory (mind) ▸ Computer memory CACHE Cache (hidden store) ▸ Cache (computing)VIRUS Virus (biology) ▸ Computer virus PATCH Patch (fabric) ▸ Patch (computing)PING Ping (sound or sonar) ▸ Ping (networking)BRANCH Branch (tree) ▸ Branch (version control)PUSH Push (physical) ▸ Push (version control)SOCKET Socket (outlet or anatomy) ▸ Network socket TERMINAL Terminal (transport) ▸ Computer terminal KEY Key (lock) ▸ Key (cryptography)SEED Seed (botany) ▸ Random seed CLIENT Client (customer) ▸ Client (computing)FARM Farm ▸ Server farm TROLL Troll (folklore) ▸ Internet troll PHISH Fishing ▸ Phishing CRAWL Crawl (movement) ▸ Web crawl NET Net (mesh) ▸ The Net (internet)FOOTPRINT Footprint ▸ Memory footprint LEAK Leak (fluid) ▸ Memory leak EXCEPTION Exception (special case) ▸ Exception (programming)TREE Tree ▸ Tree (data structure)FEED Feed (animal) ▸ News feed HANDLE Handle (grip) ▸ Handle (username)ZOMBIE Zombie (folklore) ▸ Zombie (computing)CANARY Canary (bird) ▸ Canary release CLASS Class (school or society) ▸ Class (programming)CORE Core (center) ▸ Core (CPU)DECAY Decay (rot) ▸ Weight decay DOCK Dock (maritime) ▸ Dock (macOS)DRAWER Drawer (furniture) ▸ Navigation drawer

Original · left

Outlier (person)

A person or thing that differs from others in its group; popularized by Malcolm Gladwell's book.

First in use: the 1600s

Duplicate · right

Outlier (statistics)

A data point that differs significantly from other observations in a dataset.

First in use: the 1880s

Outlier / Outlier (person) / Outlier (statistics)

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Canonical todayMeasuring…

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Duplicate share · 12 mo—

Last crossover—

Colour keyGrey · original meaningGreen · duplicate meaningAmber · contested (40–60%)How colours work

Gladwell's book vs. three standard deviations.

Which meaning of Outlier is the original, and which one is the duplicate riding on its name? Outlier (person) came first (the 1600s). Outlier (statistics) arrived in the 1880s. The data below shows which one owns the word now.

Wikipedia pageviews since 2015

Outlier (person)Outlier (statistics)

English Wikipedia pageviews since July 2015 load here.

Duplicate's share of attention

Green line = duplicate's % · above 60 it owns the word · below 40 the original does

The case for each meaning

Sourced definitions, usage stats and quotes

Original · the 1600s

Outlier (person)

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Duplicate · the 1880s

Outlier (statistics)

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More duplicated terms

Data & databases

Pipeline · Pipeline (software)Cache · Cache (computing)Stream · Stream (computing)Lake · Data lake Shard · Shard (database)Record · Record (database)Schema · Database schema Query · Query (databases)Table · Table (database)Index · Database index View · View (SQL)Join · Join (SQL)Bucket · Bucket (cloud storage)Blob · Binary large object Snapshot · Snapshot (storage)Batch · Batch processing Column · Column (database)Cube · OLAP cube