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BUG Insect ▸ Software bug MOUSE Mouse (animal) ▸ Computer mouse TOKEN Token (coin) ▸ Token (language model)BIAS Bias (prejudice) ▸ Bias (machine learning)TRANSFORMER Electrical transformer ▸ Transformer (deep learning)AGENT Agent (person) ▸ AI agent GROUNDING Grounding (punishment or electrical) ▸ Grounding (AI)EPOCH Epoch (era) ▸ Epoch (machine learning)INFERENCE Inference (logic) ▸ Inference (AI)DAEMON Daemon (mythology) ▸ Daemon (computing)MEMORY Memory (mind) ▸ Computer memory CACHE Cache (hidden store) ▸ Cache (computing)VIRUS Virus (biology) ▸ Computer virus PATCH Patch (fabric) ▸ Patch (computing)PING Ping (sound or sonar) ▸ Ping (networking)BRANCH Branch (tree) ▸ Branch (version control)PUSH Push (physical) ▸ Push (version control)SOCKET Socket (outlet or anatomy) ▸ Network socket TERMINAL Terminal (transport) ▸ Computer terminal KEY Key (lock) ▸ Key (cryptography)SEED Seed (botany) ▸ Random seed CLIENT Client (customer) ▸ Client (computing)FARM Farm ▸ Server farm TROLL Troll (folklore) ▸ Internet troll PHISH Fishing ▸ Phishing CRAWL Crawl (movement) ▸ Web crawl NET Net (mesh) ▸ The Net (internet)FOOTPRINT Footprint ▸ Memory footprint LEAK Leak (fluid) ▸ Memory leak EXCEPTION Exception (special case) ▸ Exception (programming)TREE Tree ▸ Tree (data structure)FEED Feed (animal) ▸ News feed HANDLE Handle (grip) ▸ Handle (username)ZOMBIE Zombie (folklore) ▸ Zombie (computing)CANARY Canary (bird) ▸ Canary release CLASS Class (school or society) ▸ Class (programming)CORE Core (center) ▸ Core (CPU)DECAY Decay (rot) ▸ Weight decay DOCK Dock (maritime) ▸ Dock (macOS)DRAWER Drawer (furniture) ▸ Navigation drawer BUG Insect ▸ Software bug MOUSE Mouse (animal) ▸ Computer mouse TOKEN Token (coin) ▸ Token (language model)BIAS Bias (prejudice) ▸ Bias (machine learning)TRANSFORMER Electrical transformer ▸ Transformer (deep learning)AGENT Agent (person) ▸ AI agent GROUNDING Grounding (punishment or electrical) ▸ Grounding (AI)EPOCH Epoch (era) ▸ Epoch (machine learning)INFERENCE Inference (logic) ▸ Inference (AI)DAEMON Daemon (mythology) ▸ Daemon (computing)MEMORY Memory (mind) ▸ Computer memory CACHE Cache (hidden store) ▸ Cache (computing)VIRUS Virus (biology) ▸ Computer virus PATCH Patch (fabric) ▸ Patch (computing)PING Ping (sound or sonar) ▸ Ping (networking)BRANCH Branch (tree) ▸ Branch (version control)PUSH Push (physical) ▸ Push (version control)SOCKET Socket (outlet or anatomy) ▸ Network socket TERMINAL Terminal (transport) ▸ Computer terminal KEY Key (lock) ▸ Key (cryptography)SEED Seed (botany) ▸ Random seed CLIENT Client (customer) ▸ Client (computing)FARM Farm ▸ Server farm TROLL Troll (folklore) ▸ Internet troll PHISH Fishing ▸ Phishing CRAWL Crawl (movement) ▸ Web crawl NET Net (mesh) ▸ The Net (internet)FOOTPRINT Footprint ▸ Memory footprint LEAK Leak (fluid) ▸ Memory leak EXCEPTION Exception (special case) ▸ Exception (programming)TREE Tree ▸ Tree (data structure)FEED Feed (animal) ▸ News feed HANDLE Handle (grip) ▸ Handle (username)ZOMBIE Zombie (folklore) ▸ Zombie (computing)CANARY Canary (bird) ▸ Canary release CLASS Class (school or society) ▸ Class (programming)CORE Core (center) ▸ Core (CPU)DECAY Decay (rot) ▸ Weight decay DOCK Dock (maritime) ▸ Dock (macOS)DRAWER Drawer (furniture) ▸ Navigation drawer

Original · left

Ransom (kidnapping)

Money demanded for the release of a captive.

First in use: the 1200s

Duplicate · right

Ransomware

Malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the key; the first, the AIDS Trojan, spread in 1989.

First in use: c. 1989

Ransom / Ransom (kidnapping) / Ransomware

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Canonical todayMeasuring…

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Duplicate share · 12 mo—

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Colour keyGrey · original meaningGreen · duplicate meaningAmber · contested (40–60%)How colours work

Kidnappers' demands vs. encrypted hard drives.

Which meaning of Ransom is the original, and which one is the duplicate riding on its name? Ransom (kidnapping) came first (the 1200s). Ransomware arrived in 1989. The data below shows which one owns the word now.

Wikipedia pageviews since 2015

Ransom (kidnapping)Ransomware

English Wikipedia pageviews since July 2015 load here.

Duplicate's share of attention

Green line = duplicate's % · above 60 it owns the word · below 40 the original does

The case for each meaning

Sourced definitions, usage stats and quotes

Original · the 1200s

Ransom (kidnapping)

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Duplicate · c. 1989

Ransomware

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More duplicated terms

Cybersecurity

Virus · Computer virus Worm · Computer worm Trojan · Trojan horse (malware)Hash · Hash function Key · Key (cryptography)Salt · Salt (cryptography)Phish · Phishing Zombie · Zombie (computing)Harvest · Email harvesting Inject · Code injection Payload · Payload (computing)Realm · Realm (security)Certificate · Public key certificate Spoof · Spoofing attack Sniff · Packet sniffing Exploit · Exploit (security)Shield · DDoS protection Bounty · Bug bounty